say or estimate that (a specified thing) will happen in the future or will be a consequence of something (Oxford Dictionary of English) ある事柄が「将来に起きる、あるいは何かの結果として生じると言う（または推測する）こと It is too early to…

If you infer that something is the case, you decide that it is true on the basis of information that you already have. (= deduce) I inferred from what she said that you have not been well. (彼女の話から、あなたの調子がよくないのではないか…

If you estimate a quantity or value, you make an approximate judgement or calculation of it. Some analysts estimate its current popularity at around ten per cent.(アナリストによると、現在の支持率は約10%と推定される） (Collins) The satellit…

更新が滞ってしまいましたが、今日から再開します。よろしくお願いします。 今日はsuggest, implyの類語としてalludeを見ていきます。If you allude to something, you mention it in an indirect way. (FORMAL) With friends, she sometimes alluded to a f…

1. If you imply that something is the case, you say something which indicates that it is the case in an indirect way. "Are you implying that I have something to do with those attacks?" she asked coldly. (「私がその襲撃に関わっていると言い…

3. If you suggest that something is the case, you say something which you believe is the case.★Websterの説明が秀逸。to bring before a person's mind indirectly or without plain expression（人の考えを間接的に伝えるか、はっきりとは表現しない…

1. If you suggest something, you put forward a plan or idea for someone to think about.Collinsでは、that節を取るパターン（suggest+to 人+that S V[原形])のほかに、以下のような例が掲載されています。 I suggest you ask him some specific questio…

address (続き)If you address a problem or task or if you address yourself to it, you try to understand it or deal with it. Mr King sought to address those fears when he spoke at the meeting.(キング氏は、会議で発言した際、その懸念事項に対処…

1. If you address a group of people, you give a speech to them. He is due to address a conference on human rights next week.(彼は来週、人権に関する会議で演説をすることになっている) ★be due toで予定を表す（=be expected to)。 ★conferenceを擬…

If you publish information or an opinion, you make it known to the public by having it printed in a newspaper, magazine, or official document. The demonstrators called on the government to publish a list of registered voters. (デモ隊は政府…

1. If people proclaim something, they formally make it known to the public. (Collins) to announce or declare in an official or formal manner (Webster) France proclaims 600th anniversary of Joan of Arc. (フランス、ジャンヌ・ダルク生誕600周…

announce: tell people about something publicly or officially She was planning to announce her engagement to Peter. (彼女はピーターとの婚約を発表する予定だった） (Collins COBUILD)（特に都合の悪い）情報や意図を伝える場合にも使われます。(=dec…

If you remark that something is the case, you say that it is the case. I remarked that I would go shopping that afternoon.(私はその日の午後に買い物に行くと言った） ★Websterでは、say casually, as in making a commentとあります。発言が必ずし…

refer（つづき）今日は他動詞用法のreferを分析します。If a person who is ill is referred to a hospital or a specialist, they are sent there by a doctor in order to be treated. Patients are mostly referred to hospital by their general practit…

今日はrefer toの用法を扱います。If you refer to a particular subject or person, you talk about them or mention them. In his speech, he referred to a recent trip to Canada. ★「〜について触れる」「話す」。to direct attention usually by clear…

mention (つづき)If someone is mentioned in writing, a reference is made to them by name, often to criticize or praise something that they have done. (Collins) I was absolutely outraged that I could be even mentioned in an article of this k…

mention: If you mention something, you say something about it, usually briefly. (Collins) to refer briefly to; name, specify, or speak of (Webster) Don't forget to mention her contribution to the project. (プロジェクトに対する彼女の貢献度…

ARGUE, DEBATE, DISCUSS imply using reasons or proofs to support or refute an assertion, proposition, or principle. (ARGUE、DEBATE、DISCUSSは、理由や証拠に基づいて主張、提案、信条に賛成または反対する） ARGUE implies presenting one's reasons…

[整理4] demand, claim, requireDEMAND, CLAIM, REQUIRE imply making an authoritative request. （DEMAND, CLAIM, REQUIREには、威圧的な要求をするというニュアンスがある。）To DEMAND is to ask in a bold, authoritative way: to demand an explanatio…

[整理3] 先日扱ったallege, stateに加えて、類語としてaver, holdを比較・研究。以下Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionaryより。MAINTAIN, ASSERT, AVER, ALLEGE, HOLD, STATE all mean to express an opinion, judgment, or position. (MAINTAIN, …

[整理2] 先日扱ったmaintain, assertに加えて、類語としてdefend, vindicate, justifyを比較・研究。以下Merriam Webster Collegiateより。MAINTAIN, ASSERT, DEFEND, VINDICATE, JUSTIFY mean to uphold as true, right, just, or reasonable. (MAINTAIN, A…

[整理1] 先日扱ったassert, declare, affirmに加えて、類語としてprotest, avowを比較・研究。以下Merriam Webster Collegiateより。ASSERT, DECLARE, AFFIRM, PROTEST, AVOW mean to state positively usually in anticipation of denial or objection. (AS…

affirm：（証拠や信仰に基づいて）あくまでも真実であると確信して公に言明するIf you affirm that something is true or that something exists, you state firmly and publicly that it is true or exists. (FORMAL) ★ポイント★ 以下、Websterの用例より t…

assert (つづき)If you assert your authority, you make it clear by your behaviour that you have authority. After the war, the army made an attempt to assert its authority in the south of the country. (戦後、軍は南部地域で管轄権を行使しよう…

assert：通例(客観的証拠がないのに)個人的な確信から大胆に言明するIf someone asserts a fact or belief, they state it firmly. The defendants, who continue to assert their innocence, are expected to appeal. (被告人は無実を主張し続けており、上…

maintain：強く自分の意見を主張。反論をものともせず主張し続けるというニュアンスIf you say that someone maintains that something is true, you mean that they have stated their opinion strongly but not everyone agrees with them or believes the…

declare (つづき)If you declare something, you state officially and formally that it exists or is the case. ★ポイント★ to announce officially ; proclaim [公式に発表する] ; to declare a state of emergency (緊急事態を宣言する) ; to declare a …

declare：公的に(時に反対意見に対抗して)言明するIf you declare that something is true, you say that it is true in a firm, deliberate way. You can also declare an attitude or intention. (WRITTEN)・ ★ポイント★ 自由あるいは公的な言明であること…

state：正式に、書面あるいは口頭ではっきりと伝えるIf you state something, you say or write it in a formal or definite way. (=declare) Clearly state your address and telephone number. (住所と電話番号を明確に述べなさい) (=declare) The police …

If you argue with someone about something, you discuss it with them, with each of you giving your different opinions. They are arguing over foreign policy. (彼らは外交政策について議論している) ★ポイント★ argueは「節度ある議論」というニュア…