「言う」「話す」の英単語 2 ― claim (1)

claim:本人が一方的に正当性を主張する(読み手はそうでないと考えており、第三者が検証できない)


If you say that someone claims that something is true, you mean they say that it is true but you are not sure whether or not they are telling the truth.

  • He claimed that it was all a conspiracy against him. (それはすべて陰謀だと主張した)

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この意味ではmaintainとほぼ同義。claimは多義語なので以下に用例を示す。


If you say that someone claims responsibility or credit for something, you mean they say that they are responsible for it, but you are not sure whether or not they are telling the truth.

  • An underground organisation has claimed responsibility for the bomb explosion. (ある地下組織がその爆破は自分たちがやったと主張した)
  • He was too modest to claim the credit. (謙虚だったのでその名誉が自分のものであると主張できなかった)

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「責任や手柄があること」を主張する


If you claim something, you try to get it because you think you have a right to it. 

  • Now they are returning to claim what was theirs. (失ったものを奪い返しに戻ってきた)

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「権利や所有権があること」を主張(要求)する
cf. claim payment (支払を要求する), claim an estate by inheritance (財産相続を主張する―ランダムハウス英和)